Indima kunye nendlela esebenza ngayo iSodium Sulphide ekujikelezeni kwe-Oxidised Lead-Zinc Ores

Iiminerali ze-lead-zinc ezifakwe i-oxidised (cerussite, anglesite, smithsonite, hemimorphite, njl.njl.) zineendawo eziphila emanzini kwaye azinakufakwa ngokuthe ngqo kunye nabaqokeleli be-xanthate. Ukongezwa kwe-sodium sulphide sulphidises kwenza i-ore ikwazi ukufunxwa emva koko kwee-xanthates. Ngaphaya kwe-sulphidisation kunye nokusebenza, i-sodium sulphide ikwabonelela ngoxinzelelo olukhethiweyo, ukulungiswa kwe-pulp pH, kunye nemisebenzi yokususa i-reagent, okwenza ukuba ibe yi-reagent ebalulekileyo ekucutshungulweni kwe-lead-zinc efakwe i-oxidised.

I. Ukwenziwa kwe-Sulphidis kunye nokusebenza kwayo

1. Indlela yokusabela
   I-Sodium sulphide hydrolyses emanzini ukuze ivelise ii-ion ze-S²⁻ kunye ne-HS⁻, ezisabela kunye nee-ion zesinyithi ezingaphezulu kwi-minerali ye-lead‑zinc exoxised nge-dissolving precipitation, zenze ifilimu ye-hydrophobic sulphide:

ICerussite:
I-PbCO₃ + 2HS⁻ → I-PbS + CO₂ + H₂O (impendulo yokubonisa; isibambi-ndawo somfanekiso)

ISmithsonite:
I-ZnCO₃ + 2HS⁻ → I-ZnS + CO₂ + H₂O (impendulo yokubonisa; isibambi-ndawo somfanekiso)

Ifilimu ye-PbS eyenziweyo ixinene kwaye izinzile, ifunxa i-xanthate ngokuqinileyo kwaye inika i-oxidised lead amandla okuntanta afana ne-sulphide. Ifilimu ye-ZnS ikhululekile kwaye ikulungele ukungcoliswa kunye nokuqhekeka; i-sodium sulphide yodwa ayanelanga kwi-zinc engcoliswayo entantayo, efuna ukuvuselelwa okwesibini kunye nabaqokeleli be-amine kamva.

2. Ixabiso lesicelo
   Ngaphandle kwe-sodium sulphide, ukubuyiswa ngokubanzi kwe-lead-zinc exoxised kuphantsi. Xa i-sulphidization ifanelekile, ukubuyiswa kwe-lead kuyanda kakhulu. I-Sulphidization iyimfuneko yokuqala kwe-ore flotation exoxised. Ngokwesiqhelo, i-sodium sulphide yongezwa kuqala kwi-sulphidization, ilandelwe yi-xanthate ukuze i-lead flotation ikhethwe kakuhle.

II. Uxinzelelo olukhethiweyo

1. Ukunciphisa ukungcola okufana ne-sphalerite kunye ne-pyrite
   I-S²⁻ engaphezulu kwi-pulp igubungela i-galena, i-sphalerite, kunye ne-pyrite, nto leyo ethintela ukufunxwa kwe-xanthate kwaye ivelise isiphumo sokudakumba.
   Kwinqanaba lokuhamba kwelead enkulu, idosi yesodium sulphide ephakathi isetyenziselwa ukwenza ilead exoxised kuphela; ukugqithisa kuyayithomalalisa ilead ngelixa kuthomalalisa kakhulu i-primary sphalerite, ngaloo ndlela kufezekiswa ukwahlukana kwelead ye-zinc.
   Kwinqanaba lokudada kwe-zinc, i-lead tailings kufuneka ihlanjwe kakuhle ukuze kuncitshiswe ubuninzi be-sodium sulphide eseleyo kwaye kupheliswe ukudakumba, ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-amine collectors ukubuyisela i-zinc.
2. Imithetho yomlinganiselo
   Umlinganiselo onganeleyo: ifilimu ye-sulfide encinci nengaphelelanga, ukubuyiswa kwelothe ephantsi.
   Umlinganiselo ophakathi: ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo kwe-oxidised lead kunye nokuthotywa okuphakathi kwe-sphalerite, ukwahlukana okufanelekileyo.
   Umthamo ogqithisileyo: i-S²⁻ engaphezulu icinezela i-lead e-oxidised kunye ne-sphalerite, nto leyo ebangela ukuba i-lead kunye ne-zinc zibuyele esiqhelweni.

III. Ukulungisa intlama

1. uhlengahlengiso lwe-pH
   I-hydrolysis ye-sodium sulphide ivelisa isisombululo esinamandla se-alkaline, esigcina i-pulp pH ikwinqanaba elifanelekileyo le-8.5–11. Imeko-bume ye-alkaline ithintela ukubola kwe-oxidative kwefilimu ye-sulphide, nto leyo ephucula uzinzo lwe-sulphidisation.
2. Ulawulo lwe-Eh
   Ii-ion ze-sulphide ezinciphisayo zinciphisa amandla okuxinana kwe-pulp, zithintela ukungasebenzi kwe-oxidative kwifilimu ye-PbS. Kwi-ores ezine-oxidation ephezulu, kufuneka kugcinwe i-sodium sulphide engaphezulu njenge-arhente yokunciphisa.
3. Ukuna kwee-ion zesinyithi esinzima eziyingozi
   Ii-ion ze-Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, kunye ne-Fe³⁺ zasimahla kwi-pulp ezingasebenzisi iiminerali ze-gangue ngokukhetha, nto leyo enciphisa ukukhetha. I-S²⁻ yenza ezi ions zibe zii-sulphides, isusa ukuphazamiseka kwaye inciphise ukusetyenziswa kwee-reagent ngokungeyomfuneko.
4. Ukusasazeka kweSlime
   Iimveliso ze-alkaline hydrolysis zisasaza kancinci i-slime ezincinci, zinciphisa ukugqunywa kwemiphezulu yeeminerali ekujoliswe kuyo yi-slime.

IV. Isenzo sokudambisa/sokuncamathela
Xa kuveliswa i-mixed lead-zinc oxidised concentrate, inani elikhulu le-sodium sulphide linokongezwa xa liphezulu. I-S²⁻ isusa i-xanthate efakwe kwi-mineral surfaces ngokukhuphisanayo, isusa ngokupheleleyo i-collector. Emva kokuhlamba nokurhoxisa, i-sulphidisation kunye nokwahlula-hlula kusetyenziswa ukusombulula i-locked lead-zinc intergrowths. Oku kudla ngokusetyenziswa kwi-complex polymetallic oxygen-sulphide mixed ore flotation circuits.

V. Umahluko kwindlela yokuziphatha ye-sodium sulfide kwi-lead xa kuthelekiswa ne-zinc minerals

1. I-oxidised lead (cerussite) – yenza ifilimu ye-PbS exineneyo; i-sodium sulphide ephakathi yanele ukutyibilika okuzinzileyo; ukugqithisa kuphela okubangela ukudakumba. Ifanelekile ukutyibilika kwe-bulk lead esekelwe kwi-xanthate.
2. I-oxidised zinc (smithsonite) – yenza ifilimu ye-ZnS ekhululekileyo; i-sodium sulphide yodwa ayinakuyidada. I-sodium sulphide isebenza kuphela njengonyango lwangaphambi konyango, kwaye kufuneka abaqokeleli be-cationic abanjenge-octadecylamine okanye i-dodecylamine. I-sodium sulphide eseleyo iyayicinezela kakhulu i-oxidised zinc flotation.

VI. Iingcebiso eziphambili zokusebenza kwemizi-mveliso

1. Ukwahlulahlula: yongeza zombini inqanaba lokusila kunye ne-roughing flotation ukuze wandise ixesha lokudibana ne-sulphidisation.
2. Iintsila ze-lead flotation zifuna ukuxutywa nokuhlanjwa ukuze kuncitshiswe intsalela ye-sodium sulphide ngaphambi kokuba i-zinc flotation.
3. Kwi-ores zodongwe oluphezulu nezine-oxidized ephezulu, dibanisa nee-reducing agents (umgubo wesinyithi) kunye nee-dispersants (i-sodium hexametaphosphate) ukuze uzinzise ifilimu ye-sulphide.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga: ukuveliswa kwegesi yamaqanda abolileyo enetyhefu (H₂S) – kufuneka umoya ophumayo; i-reagent egqithisileyo yongeza iindleko; amanqanaba e-sulfide yamanzi amdaka adlula imida.
Inqaku elikhethekileyo: I-NaHS, ukuba isetyenzisiwe, ibola lula.