Limiselwa njani ixabiso lediphozithi yobhedu?

Limiselwa njani ixabiso lediphozithi yobhedu?

Kukho izinto ezininzi ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa kumiselwa ixabiso lediphozithi yobhedu.Phakathi kwezinye izinto, iinkampani kufuneka ziqwalasele ibakala, iindleko zokucokisa, uqikelelo lwemithombo yobhedu kunye nokulula kokomba ubhedu.Ngezantsi inkcazo emfutshane yezinto ezininzi ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa umisela ixabiso lediphozithi yobhedu.

1

Ziziphi iintlobo zeediphozithi zobhedu ezikhoyo?

Iidiphozithi zobhedu zePorphyry zikumgangatho ophantsi kodwa zingumthombo obalulekileyo wobhedu kuba zinokugrunjwa ngomlinganiselo omkhulu ngexabiso eliphantsi.Ngokuqhelekileyo ziqulethe i-0.4% ukuya kwi-1% yobhedu kunye nezixa ezincinci zezinye iintsimbi ezifana ne-molybdenum, isilivere kunye negolide.Iidiphozithi zobhedu zePorphyry ziqhelekile kwaye zitsalwa ngokumbiwa komngxuma ovulekileyo.

Amatye entlenga athwele ubhedu lolona hlobo lwesibini lubaluleke kakhulu kwiidiphozithi zobhedu, ezibalelwa malunga nekota enye yobhedu olufunyenweyo lwehlabathi.

Ezinye iintlobo zeediphozithi zobhedu ezifumaneka kwihlabathi jikelele ziquka:

Iidiphozithi ze-Volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) ziyimithombo yesulfide yobhedu eyenziwe ngeziganeko ze-hydrothermal kwiindawo eziphantsi kolwandle.

Iidiphozithi ze-Iron oxide-copper-gold (IOCG) zizixinaniso zexabiso eliphezulu lobhedu, igolide kunye ne-uranium ores.

Iidiphozithi ze-Copper skarn, ngokuthetha ngokubanzi, zenziwe ngokuguqulwa kweekhemikhali kunye nomzimba weminerali owenzeka xa i-lithologies ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zidibana.

2

Yintoni ibakala eliphakathi kweediphozithi zobhedu?

Ibakala liyinkalo ebalulekileyo kwixabiso lediphozithi yamaminerali kwaye liyimilinganiselo esebenzayo yoxinaniso lwesinyithi.Uninzi lweentsimbi zethusi luqulathe kuphela inxalenye encinci yentsimbi yethusi ebotshelelwe kwiiminerali ezixabisekileyo.Eminye intsimbi ilitye nje elingafunwayo.

Iinkampani zokuhlola ziqhuba iinkqubo zokomba ukuze zikhuphe iisampulu zamatye ezibizwa ngokuba ziicores.Undoqo uhlalutywa ngokwekhemikhali ukuze ufumanise "ibakala" lediphozithi.

Ibanga lediphozithi yobhedu lidla ngokubonakaliswa njengepesenti yobunzima belitye lilonke.Ngokomzekelo, iikhilogram ezili-1000 zobhedu ziqulethe iikhilogram ezingama-300 zetsimbi yobhedu kunye nebakala lama-30%.Xa ukuxinwa kwesinyithi kuphantsi kakhulu, kunokuchazwa ngokweengxenye kwisigidi.Nangona kunjalo, ibakala lisiko eliqhelekileyo lobhedu, kwaye iinkampani zokuhlola ziqikelela ibakala ngokugrumba kunye neemvavanyo.

Umyinge womgangatho wobhedu wentsimbi yobhedu kwinkulungwane yama-21 ungaphantsi kwe-0.6%, kwaye umlinganiselo weeminerali ezikrwada kumthamo opheleleyo wentsimbi ungaphantsi kwe-2%.

Abatyali-mali kufuneka bajonge uqikelelo lwamabanga ngeliso elibalulekileyo.Xa inkampani yophononongo ikhupha ingxelo yebakala, abatyali-zimali kufuneka baqiniseke ukuba bayayithelekisa nobunzulu obupheleleyo besiseko sokusebenza esisetyenziselwa ukumisela ibakala.Ixabiso lebakala eliphezulu kubunzulu obuphantsi lisezantsi kakhulu kunexabiso lebakala eliphakathi elihambelanayo ngondoqo onzulu.

3

Ingaba kubiza malini ukomba ubhedu?

Imigodi yobhedu emikhulu kunye neyona inenzuzo kakhulu yimigodi evulekileyo, nangona imigodi yobhedu engaphantsi komhlaba ayiqhelekanga.Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kumgodi ovulekileyo ngumthombo osondeleyo kumphezulu.

Iinkampani zemigodi zinomdla kakhulu kumthamo womthwalo ogqithisileyo, osisixa samatye angenaxabiso kunye nomhlaba ongaphezulu kobutyebi bobhedu.Esi sixhobo kufuneka sisuswe ukufikelela kwisixhobo.I-Escondida, ekhankanywe ngasentla, inezixhobo ezigutyungelwe ngumthwalo omkhulu, kodwa idiphozithi isenayo ixabiso lezoqoqosho ngenxa yobuninzi bezinto eziphantsi komhlaba.

4

Zeziphi iindidi zemigodi yobhedu?

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini ezihlukeneyo zeediphozithi zobhedu: i-sulfide ores kunye ne-oxide ores.Okwangoku, umthombo oqhelekileyo we-copper ore yi-sulfide mineral chalcopyrite, eyenza malunga ne-50% yemveliso yobhedu.Intsimbi ekrwada ye-sulfide icutshungulwa ngokujikeleza kwamagwebu ukuze ifumane ukugxila kobhedu.Iintsimbi zobhedu eziqulethe i-chalcopyrite zinokuvelisa i-concentrates equlethe i-20% ukuya kwi-30% yobhedu.

I-chalcocite ebaluleke kakhulu igxininise ngokuqhelekileyo ibakala eliphezulu, kwaye ekubeni i-chalcocite ingenayo isinyithi, umxholo wobhedu kwi-concentrate usuka kwi-37% ukuya kwi-40%.I-Chalcocite iye yombiwa kangangeenkulungwane kwaye yenye yezona zinto zinenzuzo kakhulu zobhedu.Isizathu salokhu kumxholo wayo ophezulu wobhedu, kwaye ubhedu oluqulethwe lula luhlukaniswe nesulfure.

Nangona kunjalo, ayingomgodi wobhedu namhlanje.I-Copper oxide ore ihlanjululwa nge-asidi ye-sulfuric, ikhupha i-mineral yobhedu kwisisombululo se-sulfuric acid ephethe isisombululo se-copper sulfate.Ubhedu ke luhluthwe kwisisombululo se-copper sulfate (esibizwa ngokuba sisinyibiliko se-leach ecebileyo) ngokutsalwa kwe-solvent kunye nenkqubo yokubeka i-electrolytic, eyonga kakhulu kune-froth flotation.