Ingaba intsimbi yechrome ixabisa njani?

Ingaba intsimbi yechrome ixabisa njani?

01
Ixabiso elisisiseko lamazwe ngamazwe le-chrome ore limiselwa ikakhulu yiGlencore kunye neSamanco ngokubonisana namaqela orhwebo.

Amaxabiso ehlabathi e-chromium ore amiselwa ikakhulu kubonelelo lwemarike kunye neemeko zemfuno kwaye alandele iintsingiselo zemarike.Akukho ndlela yothethathethwano ngexabiso lonyaka okanye ngenyanga.Ixabiso lesiseko se-chromium ore lamazwe ngamazwe limiselwa ikakhulu ngothethwano phakathi kweGlencore kunye neSamanco, abona bavelisi behlabathi be-chrome ore, emva kokutyelela abasebenzisi kwiingingqi ezahlukeneyo.Unikezelo lomvelisi kunye namaxabiso okuthengwa komsebenzisi abekwe ngokubanzi ngokusekwe kwesi salathisi.

02
Ubonelelo lwe-chrome yehlabathi jikelele kunye nepateni yemfuno igxile kakhulu.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, unikezelo kunye neemfuno ziye zaqhubeka zikhulula, kwaye amaxabiso aye aguquguquka kumazinga aphantsi.
Okokuqala, ukuhanjiswa kwe-chromium ore yehlabathi jikelele kunye nemveliso igxile kakhulu eMzantsi Afrika, eKazakhstan, e-Indiya nakwamanye amazwe, kunye neqondo eliphezulu lokubonelela.Ngo-2021, oovimba be-chromium bebonke behlabathi baziitoni ezingama-570 ezigidi, apho iKazakhstan, uMzantsi Afrika, kunye neIndiya zenza i-40.3%, 35%, kunye ne-17.5% ngokulandelelanayo, zibalelwa malunga ne-92.8% yoovimba behlabathi bechromium.Ngo-2021, iyonke imveliso yehlabathi ye-chromium ore yi-41.4 yezigidi zeetoni.Imveliso igxile eMzantsi Afrika, eKazakhstan, eTurkey, eIndiya naseFinland.Imilinganiselo yemveliso yi-43.5%, 16.9%, 16.9%, 7.2%, kunye ne-5.6% ngokulandelanayo.Umlinganiselo uwonke udlula ama-90%.

Okwesibini, iGlencore, iSamanco kunye ne-Eurasian Resources ngabona bavelisi abakhulu behlabathi be-chromium ore, kwaye baqale baseka i-oligopoly chromium ore market structure.Ukusukela ngo-2016, izigebenga ezimbini iGlencore kunye neSamanco ziye zakhuthaza ukudityaniswa kunye nokufumana iintsimbi ze-chrome zaseMzantsi Afrika.NgoJuni 2016, i-Glencore yafumana iNkampani ye-Hernic Ferrochrome (i-Hernic), kwaye i-Samanco yafumana i-International Ferro Metals (IFM).Ezi zigebenga zimbini ziphinde zahlanganisa izikhundla zazo kwimarike ye-chrome ore yaseMzantsi Afrika, idityaniswa ne-European Asia Resources ilawula imarike yaseKazakhstan kwaye unikezelo lwentsimbi ekrwada yechromium ekuqaleni yenze ulwakhiwo lwemalike yeoligopoly.Okwangoku, amandla okuvelisa iinkampani ezilishumi ezinkulu ezifana ne-Eurasian Natural Resources Company, iGlencore, kunye neSamanco zenza malunga ne-75% yesakhono sehlabathi sokuvelisa i-chromium ore, kunye ne-52% yomthamo wehlabathi we-ferrochrome.

Okwesithathu, ukubonelela ngokubanzi kunye nemfuno ye-chrome ore yehlabathi iqhubekile ukukhululeka kwiminyaka yamuva nje, kwaye umdlalo wexabiso phakathi kokubonelela kunye nemfuno uye wanda.Ngo-2018 kunye no-2019, izinga lokukhula konikezelo lwe-chromium ore ligqithise kakhulu izinga lokukhula kwemveliso yensimbi engenasici iminyaka emibini elandelelanayo, ekhokelele ekwandeni kobonelelo kunye nemfuno yezinto ze-chromium kwaye yabangela ukuhla okuqhubekayo kwamaxabiso e-chromium ore ukususela ngo-2017. Ukuchatshazelwa ngubhubhani, imarike yentsimbi yehlabathi jikelele ibuthathaka ngokubanzi ukusukela ngo-2020, kwaye imfuno ye-chromium ore ibuthathaka.Kwicala lonikezelo, elichatshazelwa ngubhubhani eMzantsi Afrika, uthutho lweenqanawa zamazwe ngamazwe, kunye nokusetyenziswa kabini kwamandla olawulo lwangaphakathi, unikezelo lwentsimbi ekrwada yechromium lwehlile, kodwa unikezelo kunye nemfuno iyonke isekwimo ephumlileyo.Ukusukela ngo-2020 ukuya ku-2021, ixabiso le-chromium ore liye lehla unyaka nonyaka, liguquguquka kwinqanaba eliphantsi xa lithelekiswa namaxabiso embali, kwaye ukufunyanwa kwakhona kwamaxabiso echromium kushiyeke ngasemva kwezinye iimveliso zentsimbi.Ukusukela ekuqaleni kuka-2022, ngenxa yokuphakama kwezinto ezinje ngokubonelela kunye nemfuno engahambelaniyo, iindleko eziphezulu, kunye nokuhla kwe-inventri, amaxabiso e-chromium ore anyuke ngokukhawuleza.Ngomhla we-9 kaMeyi, ixabiso lokuhanjiswa kwechromium yaseMzantsi Afrika 44% yomgubo osulungekisiweyo e-Shanghai Port yakha yanyuka ukuya kwi-65 yuan/toni, ephantse ibe yi-4 yeminyaka ephezulu.Ukususela ngoJuni, njengoko ukusetyenziswa kwe-terminal esezantsi kwensimbi engenasici kuqhubeka nokuba buthathaka, izityalo zensimbi ezingenasici ziye zanciphisa kakhulu imveliso, imfuno ye-ferrochromium iye yaba buthathaka, ukuthengiswa kweemarike kuye kwanda, ukuzimisela ukuthenga i-chromium ore izinto ezibonakalayo ziphantsi, kwaye amaxabiso e-chromium ore. ziye zawa ngokukhawuleza.