Umahluko phakathi kweNitrate kunye neNitrate

Umahluko ophambili phakathi kwe-nitrate kunye ne-nitrite kukuba i-nitrate iqulethe iiathom ze-oksijini ezintathu ezibotshelelwe kwi-athomu ye-nitrogen ngelixa i-nitrite iqulethe iiathom ze-oxygen ezimbini ezibophelelwe kwi-athomu ye-nitrogen.
Zombini i-nitrate kunye ne-nitrite zii-anion ezingaphili ezibandakanya initrogen kunye neeathom ze-oxygen.Zombini ezi anion zine--1 intlawulo yombane.Zenzeka ikakhulu njengeanion yeekhompawundi zetyuwa.Kukho umahluko phakathi kwe-nitrate kunye ne-nitrite;siza kuxubusha loo mahluko kweli nqaku.

Yintoni iNitrate?

I-Nitrate yi-anion ephilayo ene-chemical formula NO3–.I-polyatomic anion ene-athomu ezi-4;iathom enye yenitrogen kunye neeathom ezintathu zeoksijini.I anion ine-1 intlawulo iyonke.Ubunzima be-molar yale anion yi-62 g / mol.Kwakhona, le anion ithathwe kwi-asidi yayo ye-conjugate;asidi nitric okanye HNO3.Ngamanye amazwi, i-nitrate yisiseko se-conjugate ye-nitric acid.

Ngamafutshane, i-nitrate ion ineathom enye yenitrogen embindini ebopha iiathom ezintathu ze-oxygen ngokusebenzisa i-covalent chemical bonding.Xa uqwalasela ukwakheka kweekhemikhali zale anion, inezibophelelo ezintathu ezifanayo ze-NO (ngokuhambelana nezakhiwo ze-resonance ze-anion).Yiyo loo nto, ijometri yemolekyuli iplani yetrigonal.Iathom yeoksijini nganye ithwala − 2⁄3 intlawulo, enika intlawulo iyonke yeanion njenge -1.

Kuxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo kunye nobushushu, phantse zonke iikhompawundi zetyuwa eziqulethe le anion zinyibilika emanzini.Sinokufumana iityuwa zenitrate ngokwemvelo emhlabeni njengediphozithi;iidiphozithi zenitrate.Ininzi iqulethe i-nitrate ye-sodium.Ngaphezu koko, iibhaktheriya ze-nitrifying zinokuvelisa i-nitrate ion.Enye yezona zinto zisetyenziswa kakhulu iityuwa zenitrate kukuvelisa izichumisi.Ngaphaya koko, iluncedo njenge-oxidizing agent kwiziqhushumbisi.

Yintoni iNitrite?

I-Nitrite yityuwa engaphiliyo enemichiza yefomula NO2–.Le anion yianiyoni elinganayo, kwaye ineathom enye yenitrogen edityaniswe kwiiathom zeoksijini ezimbini ezinezibophelelo zeekhemikhali ezimbini ezifanayo.Ngenxa yoko, iathom yenitrogen isembindini wale molekyuli.I anion ine-1 intlawulo iyonke.

Ubunzima be-molar ye-anion yi-46.01 g / mol.Kwakhona, le anion ivela kwi-asidi ye-nitrous okanye i-HNO2.Ke ngoko, sisiseko se-conjugate se-nitrous acid.Ke ngoko, sinokuvelisa iityuwa ze-nitrite ngokwamashishini ngokugqithisa umsi we-nitrous kwisisombululo se-aqueous sodium hydroxide.Ngaphezu koko, oku kuvelisa i-nitrite ye-sodium esinokuyihlambulula nge-recrystallization.Ngaphezu koko, iityuwa ze-nitrite ezifana ne-sodium nitrite ziluncedo ekugcinweni kokutya kuba zinokuthintela ukutya ekukhuleni kwe-microbial.

Uthini Umahluko phakathi kweNitrate kunye neNitrate?

I-Nitrate yi-anion ye-inorganic ene-chemical formula NO3– ngelixa i-Nitrite iyityuwa engabonakaliyo enemichiza engu-NO2–.Ke ngoko, umahluko ophambili phakathi kwe-nitrate kunye ne-nitrite ulele kubume bemichiza yee-anion ezimbini.Yiyo i;umahluko ongundoqo phakathi kwe-nitrate kunye ne-nitrite kukuba i-nitrate iqulethe iiathom ze-oxygen ezintathu ezidityaniswe kwi-athomu ye-nitrogen ngelixa i-nitrite iqulethe iiathom ze-oxygen ezimbini ezidityaniswe kwi-athomu ye-nitrogen.Ngaphezu koko, i-nitrate ion ivela kwi-asidi yayo ye-conjugate;i-nitric acid, ngelixa i-ion ye-nitrite ivela kwi-asidi ye-nitrous.Njengomnye umehluko obalulekileyo phakathi kwe-nitrate kunye ne-nitrite ions, sinokuthi i-nitrate yi-agent e-oxidizing kuba inokunciphisa kuphela ngelixa i-nitrite inokusebenza njenge-oxidizing kunye ne-agent yokunciphisa.